The Urban Room: Rethinking Adaptive Reuse After Demolition
Image by Frazer Macdonald Hay There is an uncomfortable question that architects rarely ask. What happens when the building we hoped to conserve has already disappeared? Adaptive reuse has become one of the defining architectural ideas of our age. Around the world, former factories become museums, warehouses become homes, churches become theatres, and industrial landscapes become parks. These projects are celebrated because they offer an alternative to demolition. They remi
The Architecture of Trust: The Missing Discipline in National Security
Britain has rediscovered the language of defence. Hardly a day passes without discussion of military spending, cyber security, artificial intelligence, critical infrastructure or the growing instability of the international order. Russia's invasion of Ukraine has fundamentally changed how European governments think about security, and rightly so. States have an obligation to protect their citizens from external threats, and few would now argue against the need for credible ar
The Era of Peacebuilding Has Not Ended. It Has Moved Home
Why the built environment matters in an age of deterrence For much of the past three decades, Western governments believed that peace could be built. The language of international policy reflected that confidence. Democracy promotion, humanitarian assistance, institution building and post-conflict reconstruction became the dominant vocabulary of security. Architects, planners, conservationists and humanitarian organisations found themselves contributing to that ambition by re
A Fait Accompli: Architecture, Memory, and the Norwegian Way
Rethinking Memory, Openness, and Public Space in Post-Terror Oslo Frazer Macdonald Hay / Uniform November In the wake of the 2011 attacks, Norway set out to rebuild Oslo’s Government Quarter as both a symbol of resilience and a statement of democratic values. More than a decade later, that reconstruction tells a different story. Despite years of consultation and political rhetoric about openness, the project has hardened into a vast, expensive, and increasingly centralised re
